ISDP Voices

On January 24, 2026, China’s Ministry of National Defense announced that Gen. Zhang Youxia, Vice-Chairman of China’s Central Military Commission (CMC), and Gen. Liu Zhenli, CMC member and Chief of the Joint Staff, had been placed under investigation for “suspected serious violations of discipline and law.” The announcement was exceptional in both timing and rank. […]

The announcement on January 24, 2026, that General Zhang Youxia—China’s most senior uniformed officer and allegedly Xi Jinping’s closest military ally— was placed under investigation for “serious violations of discipline and law” represents a watershed moment in Chinese civil-military relations. This purge is the second removal of a sitting Vice-Chairman, and the sixth removal of […]

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) remain a major global health challenge, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. NTDs cause chronic pain, visible disfigurement, disability, stigma, and long-term economic exclusion, primarily among populations already facing poverty, weak health systems, and climate vulnerability. Households lose an estimated USD 33 billion each year due to NTD-related health costs […]

Shadow fleet – also referred to as dark or ghost fleets – describe a specific type of illegal maritime activity carried out by states to evade sanctions, improve their economies, and broadly disrupt the international order. Their deployment is not new: Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela were previously the main nations engaged in such activities […]

To maintain the dynamism of the nearly $1 trillion ASEAN digital economy, regional integration is no longer optional. Member-states have recognized that enabling local firms to tap regional network effects and other distinctive features of the digital economy are essential for sustaining competitiveness and growth. ASEAN member-states have repeatedly endorsed this ambition through various instruments, […]

North Korea-Russia relations have faced renewed international scrutiny since September 2022, when Pyongyang was first reported to be supplying artillery shells and rockets to Russia. The institutionalization of bilateral relations following Kim Jong Un’s September 2023 summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin, the June 2024 signing of the North Korea-Russia Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, […]

As hybrid threats, cyberattacks, information warfare, pandemics, and critical infrastructure disruptions increasingly shape the global security environment, states are rediscovering an older but remarkably flexible doctrine: Total Defence. First articulated during the Cold War, Total Defence rests on a simple but powerful idea: national security is not the sole responsibility of the military but a […]

Introduction Over a century after its discovery, insulin remains a lifeline for millions with type 1 diabetes and is essential for over 60 million people with type 2 diabetes. Yet its access and diabetes burden continue to be a global concern. The number of people living with diabetes increased from 200 million in 1990 to […]

In May 2015, during the Obama administration, Chinese President Xi Jinping famously said that “the broad Pacific Ocean is vast enough to embrace both China and the United States” during his meeting with the then-U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry. A decade later, Xi revived this message when he met President Trump during the U.S.-China […]

In the recently concluded parliamentary elections, Japan made history by electing its first female prime minister, Sanae Takaichi. Her victory gives the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) a fresh lease on life and offers the prospect of greater political stability. This moment could mark a transformative phase in India-Japan relations, as the new leadership’s assertive […]